Yoga Sutra of Patanjali is NOT the only philosophy in Yoga tradition! By Prasad Rangnekar
首先，《帕坦加利瑜伽經》不是傳統瑜伽思想中唯一的哲學理念! 前幾天跟一位剛拿到瑜伽教師執照的朋友聊天，發現其培訓時所學習的瑜珈歷史，似乎就等於是「帕坦加利瑜伽經」。
回想自己多年前在香港拿瑜伽教師執照時，當時所接受到的觀點，是把所有瑜珈都歸類於「帕坦加利瑜伽經」的阿斯坦加瑜珈。這樣的迷思，一直到跟了Prasad上師，才開始對瑜珈的傳統歷史有全面的基礎認識。
以下的影片，是Prasad上師簡短地釐清這個常見的迷思，感謝跟隨上師多年的Helen流利的中文翻譯以及英文抄錄。
Prasad上師的瑜珈教學方法，不但強調傳統全面的認知，也融合當代最新的科學研究。在此跟對瑜珈歷史傳統有興趣的朋友們分享。
(Chinese Translation / 中文翻譯：@Helen Ho)
現今的許多瑜伽老師及學生都將《帕坦加利瑜伽經》 (Yoga Sutra of Patanjali) 或 阿斯坦加 (Ashtanga) 的理論模型理解為瑜伽哲學的唯一來源。
瑜伽哲學是傳統智慧中的一個非常廣泛的領域，它不僅限於帕坦加利的瑜伽經，還有許多不同的哲學都有論述瑜伽的過程，包括奧義書(Upanishad)、薄伽梵歌(Bhagvad Gita)，當然《帕坦加利瑜伽經》是瑜伽哲學中的一個重要部分，此外，還有譚崔 (Tantra)、往世書(Purana)。
所以瑜伽經文的綱要非常廣泛，請不要認為《帕坦加利瑜伽經》是唯一的哲學。事實上，瑜伽的哲學範圍非常廣泛，其中，更有一些看似相反的思想或意識形態被傳播。此外，阿斯坦加 (Ashtanga) 的瑜伽理論並不是唯一在經文中提及的瑜伽哲學。
阿斯坦加 (Ashtanga) 的意思是8個部分 (8 limbs)*。我個人不贊同將“anga”一字翻譯成“肢”(limb)，因為梵文是一種非常語境化的語言，我們必須明白，如果是關於人體，可被稱為”肢”，但它不是人體，那麼理解為8部分會較合適。(*中文翻譯中，8 limbs 多被稱為8支) 可以說，8個部分或8支並不是瑜伽書中唯一的理論。例如，《勝王瑜伽奧義書》 (Yoga Raja Upanishad) 這一部小奧義書便提及4支；而《風神往世書》 (Vayu Purana)，它提及5支；還有《哈達瑜伽經》(Hatha Pradipika)，這是古老的哈達經典，論述了Shadanga瑜伽 (六支)；然後另一部哈達經典《格蘭特集》(Gheranda Samhita) 談論了Saptanga或7支；當然，還有《帕坦加利瑜伽經》的8支理論。最後還有許多其他經文提供許多其他的理論。
所以我想指出的是，《帕坦加利瑜伽經》的8支教導並不是唯一的傳統瑜伽哲學。是的，它是重要的，而瑜伽哲學基本上都是通過帕坦加利的8支教導去理解；但在其他經典中，如奧義書或薄伽梵歌，裡面都有論及很多出色的的自我轉化思想理念。我只是想澄清一下，希望它能幫助有興趣的瑜伽學生去瞭解更多。
Many modern yoga teachers and students nowadays understand Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra or the ashtanga model as the only source of philosophy of Yoga. Yoga philosophy is a very wide domain of wisdom tradition, it’s not only limited to Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra. There are many different philosophies that talk about the process of Yoga. There is Upanishad, there is Bhagvad Gita, of course Yoga Sutra is an important aspect of Yoga philosophy. But there’s also the Tantra, there’s also the Purana. So the compendium of Yoga Scriptures is very wide. Please don’t think that the Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra is the only philosophy. In fact, the philosophical umbrella of Yoga is very broad and within that umbrella, there are seemingly opposing ideas or ideologies that have been propagated. Also the ashtanga yoga model is not the only model through which the model of Yoga is explained in the scripture. Ashtanga means the 8 components. I personally do not agree with translating the term or word “anga” as “limb”, because Sanskrit is a very contextual language, we have to understand that, if it’s about human body, it’s called limbs, but it’s not human body, then it has to be understood as component. The 8 components or the 8 “limbs” so to say, is not the only model in the books of Yoga. For example, there is Yoga Raja Upanishad, one of the minor Upanishad that talks about 4 angas (components). Then you have Vayu Purana, that talks about 5 components. Then there is Hatha Pradipika, the classical Hatha text that talked about Shadanga Yoga (six components). Then another Hatha Text called Gheranda Samhita talks about Saptanga or 7 limbs. And of course we have Yoga Sutra of Patanjali that gives us 8 model yoga. And then there are many other scriptures that gives many other limbs. So just want to make a point here that Patanjali’s Ashtanga Yoga is not the only philosophical book of yoga tradition. Yes, it’s important one; in fact, the whole section of yoga philosophy understood through Patanjali’s Ashtanga yoga, but there are many many amazing ideas and models of self- transformation propagated through other scriptures too like Upanishad and Bhagvads Gita. Just want to clarify that. Hope it helps sincere students of yoga. #yoga #hathayoga #yogaphilosophy #yogateacher #yogi #yogini#yogainspiration #asana #meditation #patanjali #yogasutra#selftransformation #hongkong #瑜伽 #帕坦加利瑜伽經 #香港 #台灣瑜珈經
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